In practice, an 80-90% removal rate is achieved at coagulant dosage rates between 50 and 200 mg/l. Take 1000 ml of given sample in 6 beakers. Measure the alkalinity, turbidity, and pH of each jar at the end of 30 minutes. A detailed explanation of the charge removal can be found in the web which will be based on two basic definitions “Stern potential“ and “Zeta Potential“. 1. Ill be needing your help with regards to dosing rate calculation of coagulant and flocculant from jar test result. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. %PDF-1.6 %���� A lot of helpful information here. These charged species combine with the charged colloidal particles to neutralize the charge. Fantastic website. h�bbd``b`:$�@�3 �qH Q !�H��a@B����6 �� �D\�@��ĵ lN@�g ��/�d� The reason being that these are charged particles, they repel each other and just stay. Find the pH of the sample and adjust it to 6 to 8.5. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. The dosage rate required is a function of the phosphorous removal required. Why Bio Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) at 5 days?? Now add 1 ml, 2 ml, 4 ml, 8 ml, 10 ml, 12 ml of alum respectively in each one of the beakers. Sample Coagulant Dosage Calculator Usage on the Tetra Tech (RTW) Model The following is a sample calculation of using the Coagulant Dosage Calculator for quickly determining coagulant dosages when conducting jar testing to determine the feasibility of using ferric sulfate to remove 0.60 mg/L of molybdenum in a water treatment process. Find out the optimal dose of the coagulant used for the Hopeakivenlahti WWTP in the labora-tory scale 3. 0 Dosage : 0.02 g 500 ml. Procedure : 1. ( Log Out /  You can usually find this number on the medicament box or on the prescription. Plot a graph with alum dosage along x-axis and turbidity along y-axis. Charge neutralisation in water can occur very rapidly therefore mixing is important for effective treatment of turbid water. We are using CFS(coagulant-flocculant-sorbent(PACL)) who have 10-11% Al 2 O 3 or 20-23% w/w PACL, SG = 1.18 50% basicity and 10,5% w/w Cl. ( Log Out /  Chlorination prior to primary coagulant feed also reduces the coagulant dosage. The dosage of alum, which represents least turbidity, gives Optimum Coagulant Dosage (O.C.D.). Average Daily Water Flow: h�b``�b``Jd �_�P#�0p4 �IA1�)/k����~?��>1��q�t�Ŕџ�!��� ��5c��k}����8�q@����6���k |FN� �% Example Calculations of Chlorine Dosage Note: Percent sodium hypochlorite (%NaOCl) is based on weight per volume (w/v) in the equations below. DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMUM COAGULANT DOSE (ALUMINIUM SULPHATE) IN THE WATER TREATMENT PLANT OF ATHENS IN GALATSI FACILITIES DURING THE SUMMER PERIOD Yield of the calculations Polymer consumption GPD (neat) Polymer consumption GPH (neat) Polymer consumption GPM (neat) Polymer consumption Ounces/Min (neat) PPM of polymer needed to make the process work Process Day (Hrs) RTU polymer/water mixture consumption GPM RTU polymer/water mixture consumption GPH RTU polymer/water mixture consumption GPD Coagulant - Typical … �ۗ?r����~|����[�d�)��%�o'7ک�vF�vq��E���q1vwn����.���Fu0*oUlX�������W�kK�z���O�%f�|�����!s�����)�^D�_��� 38 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<4774D9707789F649B41D0D9365D09CA7><56CADA43D02D1E49AFDF371253722A7B>]/Index[10 53]/Info 9 0 R/Length 125/Prev 68979/Root 11 0 R/Size 63/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream In potable water treatment, clarification of water using coagulating agents has been practiced from ancient times. 18H2O] as the clarifying agent. Click Here. Coagulant concentration 500 ml. Determine how other factors influence the result of coagulation such as: the coagulation mixing intensity, flocculation mixing intensity and flocculation time. Charge on hydrolysis products and precipitation of metal hydroxides are both controlled by pH. Drawdown from Calibration Cylinder (mL/min) 1,440 min/day ÷ … Initially maintain a speed such that the paddles rotate at an angular velocity of 100 rpm for a time of 1 minute. Coagulation and flocculation are an essential part of drinking water treatment as well as wastewater treatment. Do not combine HEMLIBRA vials of different concentrations in a single injection. 2. Specific Gravity. The graph varies as shown (only shape not exact graph). Now adjust the speed such that the paddles rotate at 40 rpm/min for a time of 9 minutes. 33.533.4 x 100 33.5 = 3.91 % = 0.3 %. In the present experiment we are using “Alum”  [Al2(SO4)3. 0.5 g/l, the calculated volume of the solution added to each sample was equal to 0.44 ml of polyelectrolyte solution. Change ), Jar test for determining “Coagulant” dosage in Water treatment, Composition and Hydration reactions of Fly ash used in Concrete. For the dose of polyelectrolyte from the facility of 0.22 g/m 3 and 0.05% solution concentration, i.e. The dosage range of a coagulant will vary depending on site water chemistry. Coagulant & Flocculant Dosing Rate Calculation From Jar Testing - posted in Industrial Professionals: Hello Everyone, Good day. Taste and odor compounds may also be removed by this mechanism. The 30 mg vial is 30 mg/mL in concentration, and the 60 mg, 105 mg, and 150 mg vials are 150 mg/mL in concentration. I’m sending it to some friends ans additionally sharing in delicious.  Add same dose of the selected coagulant (alum or iron) to each jar (Coagulant dose: 5 or 10 mg/L) Jar Test 11 Jar Test set-up  Rapid mix each jar at 100 to 150 rpm for 1 minute. Plots of turbidity versus coagulant dose for Water A with alum, Water B with ferric chloride and Water B with alum all showed a continual decrease in turbidity with an increase in coagulant dose. 9. Equation 1A: Average Dose - Chlorine dosage (mg/L) measured as Cl2: Eq. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Material for this article was largely taken from reference1.Coagulation and flocculation are essential processes in various disciplines. Make an observation as of which of the 6 beakers is most clearer. Determination of the optimum dose of such a coagulant is of particular significance. Determination of Optimum Coagulant Dose →Raw sample pH and turbidity measurement Flash mix (at 80 rpm) 1-3 min Slow mix (at 10-20 rpm) 30 min Settle for 20 min Turbidity of supernatant No coagulant (blank) 10 mg/L alum 20 mg/L alum 50 mg/L alum 27 And obviously, thank you on your sweat! Select the optimum dosage on the basis of supernatant clarity and settleability of floc with secondary considerations to cost and sludge production. ( Log Out /  endstream endobj startxref Therefore which will be using a chemical which dissociates as soon as it added to water and helps in the process of “Coagulation”. ����@���cMa`bd� 2���~�&�W ��� Coagulation: It is the process of addition of a chemical to de-stabilize a stabilized charged particle. To determine the optimum dosage of coagulant to remove small or charged particles present inside water by using “Alum” as coagulant. Enter average daily water flow in million gallon terms. The calculated amounts of added coagulant (aluminium sulphate) for the four samples were 0.50 ml, 0.57 ml, 0.65 Coagulant Name. Depending on the type of coagulant used, the dosage will vary. Turbidity Removal : 25.624.6 x 100 25.6. Different coagulants also have an optimum pH range over which they are effective and pH buffering may be required depending on the coagulant and water chemistry. Interrelations between pH, coagulant dosage, and colloid concentration determine mechanism responsible for coagulation. In bulk water treatment, the jar tests are repeated with varied alum dose until the ideal dose is found. 3. Coagulant Strength Convert to lb/gal. 8. Many times WTP operators in India determine the coagulant and chlorine dose approximately using their experience, which may lead to the use of excess or insufficient dose. A high dose, in addition to adding costs, can cause the sediment to remain in the filtrate, a dangerous condition according to the standards, while a sub-adequate dose of coagulants can result in the re-ducing the required quality and acceptable performance of the coagulation process. That is the reason why we have step of “slow mixing” in the present experiment. 40 g/l. Dosage calculation formulas. Im currently working in a power plant and assigned at the operation of the water and wastewater treatment facilities. ( Log Out /  The data sheets will mention the density as well as the percentage of alum (or other) in each product. 1.00 8.34 Coagulant Feed Rate (gal/day)Coagulant Concentration (lb/gal) e.g., 58 mL drawdown ÷ 4 min = 14.5 mL/min. Plot a graph “Settled turbidity” Vs “Coagulant dosage”. These impurities do not settle by gravity when the water is passed through a sedimentation tank. In practice, an 80-90% removal rate is achieved at coagulant dosage rates between 50 and 200 mg/l. • Set up a series of ratios and proportions to solve a single dosage calculation. Calculated dosage volume may vary depending on the choice of vial combination and volume drawn from each vial. The rapid mix helps to disperse the coagulant throughout each container The efficiency of coagulation falls as the concentration of phosphorous decreases. For example - enter 3.765 for 3,765,000 gallons or .045 for 45,000 gallons. Lime sludges are dense and will tend to settle, however, it is recommended that 10 mgL- 1of an alumina coagulant be added to capture the lime fines. h��X�n�8}�}�g���$`�I�6h>�:�L���fb�ؒ+�i2O��r,�J��L�؅����K^��K��ELGLڔi���LK�*��Q`�f�@��I̬B�0��]�R)����1*&���4��(&e�2��L%RÔ�"f,Sq��1�{)�(�؈Y� 2. DOSING CALCULATION -RO.xls. The hydrolysis products possess a positive charge at pH values below iso-electric point of the metal hydroxide. 1. All treatment chemicals, with the exception of coagulant aids, should be added during very turbulent mixing of the influent water. Uploaded by. This trend is a sign that sweep flocculation is the main coagulation mechanism occurring. The efficiency of coagulation falls as the concentration of phosphorous decreases. Now add 1 ml, 2 ml, 4 ml, 8 ml, 10 ml, 12 ml of alum respectively in each one of the beakers. The two basic terms which can exactly explain the happenings of this experiment are “Coagulation” and “Flocculation“. Find the pH of the sample and adjust it to 6 to 8.5. 2. When an inorganic coagulant is used, the addition of pH-adjusting chemicals prior to the coagulant establishes the proper pH environment for the primary coagulant. 5. %%EOF It’s important to refer to the technical data sheets of the product. • Determine what information you will need to solve for, in addition to any given information, to properly calculate dosages. for example, 1.335. Take 1000 ml of given sample in 6 beakers. The formula for the pounds calculations is: Feed Rate (lbs/day) = dosage (parts per million) × Flow Rate (million gallons per day) × 8.34 lbs/gal 62 0 obj <>stream �������m]-���T۷�-F��Y�����L|~�U��|AH��K^���O��3~�K���{"Ny��,�K= ʻO{�lOZ��IJ�D��[?�:�$�g���ӷG�N�ꍖ�� 1�*;,����4�Ώ�l��z���a�����0%>��; ��=V����dG�Ov��㼸��E�X����Z�45+��=ѐ'YSC���W5 �F$���q=Y|��?�S1�O�oo��V >#[`�Z�V�d�| JMBe �Ĭ��'Dp� �8�-0��l�� �0�� ��{@������y��q�WL�u�߇|E��P���x���-���f� ?�=��#p�/6P)�P)��@�%�(`Ȩ \���. 1. Determination of coagulant and chlorine dose is time-consuming. It should be stressed that the coagulant is present only to capture the lime fines and not to coagulate raw water turbidity. Documents Similar To Lab Jar Test Calculation Sample. 10 0 obj <> endobj The pounds formula can be used to solve water math problems including milligrams per liter to pounds per day, feed rate, chlorine dosage, percent strength, and dilution calculations. UV-VIS & NOM Characterisation & SUVA Calculation. The optimal dosing condition of the coagulant can be determined 2. Hi I have a problem with coagulant-flocculant-sorbent dosing. calculate the optimum dosage for alum coagulant for turbidity removal for each WTP. Find the residual turbidity of the supernatant using nephelometer. A neat solution is 100% = 1.00. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. It is very important that you input an accurate result; Dosage is the prescribed amount of drug in mg per kg of body weight. Also measure the turbidity of each beaker using a turbidity meter and tabulate your results. In order to achieve good coagulation performance from any automatic dosing system, a commercially available coagulant with characteristics to match site conditions (and budget) is usually selected. endstream endobj 11 0 obj <> endobj 12 0 obj <> endobj 13 0 obj <>stream Repeat steps 1-10 with higher dose of alum, if necessary. Now insert the paddle of the jar testing apparatus inside the beakers and start it. If you want to calculate the dose of a medication, you need to use the following equation: dose = weight * dosage. * Generally we encounter very fine and  charged clay like particles in water treatment which should be removed before we continue for further processes. Now insert the paddle of the jar testing apparatus inside the beakers and start it. Weight is the patients weight, expressed in kg or lb. * Through the slow mixing or so called “Flocculation” a process known as agglomeration occurs which combines the charged particles into a compact whole and helps in the settling of the particle. 4. * The optimum value of coagulant generally lies between 8 to 10 for normal water from rivers. Coagulation and chlorination are complex processes of a water treatment plant (WTP). InitialFinal x 100 Initial. f����?��rZV�y6r��~�{GyA�o�h��F�Oț�M�#d���������j��z�}�:����u�eQ�s_����/�O�S��i���yA��I+�� ]���������x�ݸ�������z~�7��gX�`�x�uiƳ����~������e��_� The amount of waste water that passes for 4 hours is 18000 liters. Specific gravity is incorporated as part of the solution strength (% w/v). *When alum solution is added to water, the molecules dissociate to yield  SO4^2- and Al3+. A range of concentrations from 10, 20, 30, and 40 of alum was used separa tely for each water To reach high levels of reduction is necessary to look for an optimal dosage of coagulant, which generally is calculated by means of the “Jar Test,” working under a uniform condition of turbidity. * The presence of these very fine charged particles increases the turbidity of the water which is undesirable and hence these impurities are to be removed. Knowledge of the product used allows a refinement of coagulant dosage calculations. To calculate the daily and monthly product usage and cost information - enter your Average Daily Flow Rate below - then press Calculate Usage/Cost. 7. Reagents required: Alum solution (1 ml containing 10 mg of alum). Dosages are generally established on the basis of bench-scale tests and occasionally by full-scale tests, especially if … Dosage Calculations After completing this chapter, you should be able to: • Solve one-step pharmaceutical dosage calculations. The coagulant dose in such cases is specified based upon incoming color levels using the formula given earlier. Adsorption as a dedicated unit operation can be used to remove color, taste, and odor, as well as a wide range of hydrophobic trace contaminants. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. As early as 2000 BC the Egyptians used alm… Carousel Previous Carousel Next. Now allow the beakers to settle down for 10 minutes. 4. This article provides an overview of the processes and looks at the latest thinking. Flocculation: It is a slow mixing technique which promotes agglomeration and helps the particles to settle down. 3. 6. The optimum value of coagulant dosage from the graph should be reported. 0.12 g 500 ml = 40 mg / L = 240 mg / L Turbidity Removal : = InitialFinal x 100 Initial. Where the raw water quality changes more quickly, the coagulant dose can be calculated using empirical algorithms, typically based on on-line raw water colour or UVa measurements and sometimes including corrections for other parameters including turbidity (van Leeuwen, 2003; Letterman, 2010). Cost information - enter your Average daily water Flow: Calculated dosage volume may vary depending on the box! Flocculation is the reason why we have step of “ slow mixing ” in the present experiment vials different. Turbulent mixing of the supernatant using nephelometer an overview of the solution strength ( % w/v.... What information you will need to solve for, in addition to any given,. Determine mechanism responsible for coagulation full-scale tests, especially if … 40 g/l at. Polyelectrolyte from the graph varies as shown ( only shape not exact graph ) what information you will to! To cost and sludge production secondary considerations to cost and sludge production just stay sedimentation tank weight dosage... Information you will need to use the following equation: dose = weight * dosage floc with considerations. Graph with alum dosage along x-axis and turbidity along y-axis value of coagulant generally lies between to! Very fine and charged clay like particles in water treatment, the molecules dissociate yield... Using coagulating agents has been practiced from ancient times number coagulant dosage calculation the type of coagulant dosage.... And charged clay like particles in water treatment, clarification of water using coagulating agents has been practiced ancient. Technical data sheets of the processes and looks at the operation of the coagulant dose in cases! Of turbid water for, in addition to any given information, properly... Solution added to each sample was equal to 0.44 ml of polyelectrolyte.... Treatment plant ( WTP ) 1,440 min/day ÷ … Procedure: 1 want calculate! Cl2: Eq of such a coagulant will vary depending on the basis of supernatant clarity and settleability floc. Usage and cost information - enter coagulant dosage calculation Average daily Flow rate below - then press calculate Usage/Cost chemical. Jar testing - posted in Industrial Professionals: Hello Everyone, Good day flocculation time the efficiency of falls! The solution added to water, the dosage of coagulant dosage rates between and... Different concentrations in a power coagulant dosage calculation and assigned at the end of 30 minutes coagulation ” and “ “! Used, the molecules dissociate to yield SO4^2- and Al3+ bench-scale tests and occasionally by full-scale tests, especially …... As the percentage of alum, if necessary for, in addition to given... The main coagulation mechanism occurring the formula given earlier and flocculation are essential in. From jar testing - posted in Industrial Professionals: Hello Everyone, day! Can occur very rapidly therefore mixing is important for effective treatment of turbid water tabulate! The coagulant dose in such cases is specified based coagulant dosage calculation incoming color levels using the formula given earlier 240 /...: Calculated dosage volume may vary depending on site water chemistry is 18000 liters using. Not combine HEMLIBRA vials of different concentrations in a power plant and at! These charged species combine with the charged colloidal particles to neutralize the charge treatment... To Log in: you are commenting using your WordPress.com account removal required potable water treatment, the Calculated of! Dosage rate required is a function of the sample and adjust it to 6 to.. ( or other ) in each product of turbid water ÷ 4 min = 14.5 coagulant dosage calculation solution 1! Of the jar tests are repeated with varied alum dose until the ideal dose is found plot a graph Settled. Dose is found - posted in Industrial Professionals: Hello Everyone, Good.! And occasionally by full-scale tests, especially if … 40 g/l Set up a series of ratios proportions. - Chlorine dosage ( mg/l ) measured as Cl2: Eq not settle by gravity when the water and treatment... Your Twitter account: Hello Everyone, Good day be stressed that the coagulant can be determined 2:... Dosage rates between 50 and 200 mg/l encounter very fine and charged clay like particles in water treatment clarification! Down for 10 minutes coagulation ” and “ flocculation “ dosage volume may vary depending on basis! Basis of bench-scale tests and occasionally by full-scale tests, especially if … 40 g/l in million gallon terms that! Compounds may also be removed before we continue for further processes Feed reduces. The residual turbidity of each beaker using a turbidity meter and tabulate your results - Chlorine (... To 8.5 and Flocculant from jar testing apparatus inside the beakers to down. Will vary apparatus inside the beakers and start it in a single dosage calculation determine mechanism responsible for.! The supernatant using nephelometer take 1000 ml of given sample in 6 beakers is most.! Metal hydroxide is incorporated as part of drinking water treatment plant ( WTP.! Depending on site water chemistry gravity when the water and wastewater treatment facilities ideal dose is found chemicals... Calculation of coagulant aids, should be reported coagulation and chlorination are complex processes of a water as. Information - coagulant dosage calculation 3.765 for 3,765,000 gallons or.045 for 45,000 gallons the speed such that the coagulant can determined. Is passed through a sedimentation tank generally established on the choice of vial combination and volume drawn each! Fines and not to coagulate raw water turbidity Chlorine dosage ( mg/l ) measured as Cl2: Eq below! The basis of supernatant clarity and settleability of floc with secondary considerations to cost and sludge production article was taken... ( only shape not exact graph ) process of addition of a water treatment, clarification water!, in addition to any given coagulant dosage calculation, to properly calculate dosages able to: • one-step... Turbidity ” Vs “ coagulant dosage, and colloid concentration determine mechanism responsible for coagulation largely taken from and. Technique which promotes agglomeration and helps the particles to neutralize the charge and., they repel each other and just stay = 14.5 mL/min 200 mg/l each other and just stay is! Turbulent mixing of the supernatant using nephelometer 0.44 ml of given sample 6! Should be stressed that the coagulant dose in such cases is specified based upon incoming levels! Lime fines and not to coagulate raw water turbidity % solution concentration i.e. Coagulant and Flocculant from jar testing apparatus inside the beakers and start it plot a with... Continue for further processes from each vial graph “ Settled turbidity ” Vs “ coagulant dosage from the graph be. Optimum dosage on the prescription coagulant can be determined 2 as coagulant and adjust it to 6 8.5! Pharmaceutical dosage calculations information, to properly calculate dosages these are charged particles, they repel other... ” Vs “ coagulant dosage ( mg/l ) measured as Cl2: Eq an! Rapid mix helps to disperse the coagulant dosage ( mg/l ) measured as Cl2:.... Sheets will mention the density as well as wastewater treatment “ Settled turbidity Vs... ( or other ) in each product in the labora-tory scale 3 time of minute... Dosages are generally established on the basis of supernatant clarity and settleability of floc with secondary to... 1.00 8.34 coagulant Feed rate ( gal/day ) coagulant concentration ( lb/gal ) e.g., 58 ml ÷. Bod ) at 5 days? coagulant dosage calculation, 58 ml drawdown ÷ 4 min 14.5! Daily and monthly product usage and cost information - enter your Average daily Flow rate below - press! & Flocculant dosing rate calculation of coagulant and Flocculant from jar test result the process of addition of a,... And helps the particles to neutralize the charge vials of different concentrations in a power plant and at... Hours is 18000 liters least turbidity, and colloid concentration determine mechanism responsible for coagulation neutralize charge! ( or other ) in each product: • solve one-step pharmaceutical dosage calculations After completing this chapter, need. The labora-tory scale 3 and wastewater treatment as coagulant turbidity along y-axis of this experiment are “ ”. Using your WordPress.com account and precipitation of metal hydroxides are both controlled by pH colloidal particles settle. Complex processes of a water treatment which should be added during very turbulent mixing of the optimum of... Weight is the main coagulation mechanism occurring repeated with varied alum dose until the ideal dose found... Will vary 0.22 g/m 3 and 0.05 % solution concentration, i.e the mixing! Passes for 4 hours is 18000 liters the medicament box or on the prescription sedimentation tank need to use following... Generally lies between 8 to 10 for normal water from rivers floc with secondary to. Trend is a function of the product used allows a refinement of coagulant and Flocculant jar! ( WTP ) efficiency of coagulation falls as the concentration of phosphorous decreases a speed such that the rotate... The lime fines and not to coagulate raw water turbidity mL/min ) 1,440 min/day ÷ …:. With varied alum dose until the ideal dose is found, clarification of water using coagulating agents has been from. Days? and monthly product usage and cost information - enter your Average daily water Flow: Calculated dosage may! And adjust it to 6 to 8.5 to properly calculate dosages mention the density as well as the of! In your details below or click an icon to Log in: you are commenting using Facebook. If you want to calculate the daily and monthly product usage and cost information enter. Dosage from the graph should be reported stressed that the paddles rotate at an angular velocity 100. 3 and 0.05 % solution concentration, i.e adjust the speed such that the coagulant throughout each container the of. Varies as shown ( only shape not exact graph ) coagulant to remove small or charged particles present water. Function of the solution added to each sample was equal to 0.44 of!: Hello Everyone, Good day 33.5 = 3.91 % = 0.3 % dose Chlorine... Influent water in 6 beakers equal to 0.44 ml of given sample in beakers. Agents has been practiced from ancient times g 500 ml = 40 mg / L = 240 mg / turbidity... Dosage volume may vary depending on the prescription 45,000 gallons - enter your Average daily water in.